发布时间 : 星期日 文章英语句子结构分析讲解更新完毕开始阅读
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday .
主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语
㈠主语（subject） 句子说明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式）
Smoking is bad for health.（动名词）
The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词） What he has said is true. （句子） 找出下列句中的主语：
1、The sun rises in the east.
2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.
7、What he needs is a book.
8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China.
2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 Show your passport, please. （名词） She didn't say anything. （代词）
How many do you want? - I want two. （数词）
They sent the injured to hospital. （名词化的形容词） They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
Did you write down what he said? （句子）
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物. He gave me some books.
间接 直接 宾语 宾语
指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语： please pass me the book.
He bought his girlfriend some flowers. 找出下列句子的宾语部分： 1. We often help him.
2. He likes to play basketball. 3. We enjoy listening to the music. 4. She said that he felt sick.
5. They are talking about the new student. （四）连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。 The war was over.
They seem to know the truth. Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself today. That remains a puzzle. I don’t feel at ease. 找出下列句中的表语。 1. I am a teacher.
2. They are on the playground.
3. My job is teaching English. He went to school in spite of his illness. 4. It gets cold. 找出下列句中的状语 5. It sounds interesting. 1. We often help him. 常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词sound, look, 2. I really don’t like the food.
3. He did his homework carefully smel,taste,feel等。
at home. 定语
4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. 修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
5. When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor. He is a clever boy.（形容词）
His father works in a steel work.（名词） （七）宾语补足语 There are 54 students in our class.（数词） 有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充Do you known betty’s sister?（名词所有格） 其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. He bought some sleeping pills.（动名词）
I found the book interesting. There is a sleeping baby in bed.（现在分词）
Do you smell something burning? His spoken language is good.（过去分词）
He made himself known to them. 定语后置：
She asked me to lend her a hand. 如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister. 宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。找出下列句子We have a lot of work to do. 的宾语补足语： The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. 1. They elected John monitor. Do you know the man who spoke just now? 2. We call him Iron Ox.
3. The doctor told me to do more 找出下列句子的定语。
1. The black bike is mine. exercise. 2. She is a chemistry teacher. 4. They made her happy. 3. The man in blue is my brother. 5. He is going to have his hair cut. 4. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister. 6. They saw a bird flying in the sky. 5. The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher. （八）同位语 （六）状语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 We young people should respect the old.（名词） I will be back in a while. He himself will do the experiment.（代词） They are playing on the playground. He is the oldest among them four.（数词） He was late because he got up late. He told me the news that our team won the game.（从句） He got up so late that I missed the train.
句子成分详解表 I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting.
句子成分 主语 意义 表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 表示动作行为的对象 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征 充当成分 名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子 例句 We study in HuangQiao Middle School. 动词或动词词She is dancing 组 under the tree. 同主语 Both of us like English. 同主语 Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. 形，代，数，名, We have eight 副，介词短语或lessons every 句子 day. 副词，介词短语He works very 或句 hard. 子 They held a party in Hollywood. 3）What you said made me happy.
4）Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? 5）After he finished his homework, he went away.
谓语 宾语 表语 定语 用来修饰名词或代词 状语 宾语补足语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 can't hear a word!” I said angrily. 因，目的，方式，1）You are a 结果等 “It's none of your business,” the young man said rudely. 逻辑上与宾语形容词，名词，She always student.
“This is a private conversation!” 是主谓关系 介词短语等 keeps the 2）He felt house clean. happy today.
6）He likes pop music.
7）The sound sounds strange.
8）The food tastes good.
9）He gave me a book yesterday.
10）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.
Private Conversation
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very
interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting
behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the
actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did
not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. “I
随堂练习：分析下列句子结构：