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上海市各区2018届高三英语二模试卷分类汇编：阅读理解
lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth.
Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question ―Did you steal Fatima‘s bag?‖, they may answer with something like ―Fatima is my friend. Why would I do that?‖ In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying.
Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.
It‘s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you‘ve bought the story. If you‘re a good listener, you‘ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.
Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won‘t need to very often.
56. By saying ―Liars also use deflection‖, the writer means that liars may __________.
A. tell great stories
B. change tone of voice C. ask a question in reply
D. avoid direct answers
57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.
A. offers more information than necessary B. appears to be shy or nervous C. changes the subject of the conversation D. speaks very fast and vaguely 58. Whichof the following can be learned from the passage?
A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies. B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation. C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.
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上海市各区2018届高三英语二模试卷分类汇编：阅读理解
D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation. 59. The passage mainly talks about __________.
A. who deceives us B. why people tell lies C. how to detect lies
D. what to do with liars
(B)
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Letter 1 go to greg January 28, 2018 | 3:31pm
Is omitting jobs from I work for an e-commerce Website. If one of our merchandisers a resume lying? ----------------------- has a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail the How to handle stress entire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary. It at work
------------------------ seems to me that mass e-mail is appropriate for good or neutral How can men and news, rather than making a correction. Do you agree? Moreover, women work better if you were the recipient of the correction, how would you together?
------------------------ respond? How will cancer treatment affect my
son’s resume?
------------------------ The only people who should be included in an e-mail are those What to do if you who need to know or respond. Including everyone is rude and drank too much at the unprofessional as well as annoying to recipients. It‘s not like we company don‘t have enough in our inbox already. I don‘t agree that e-mail holiday party
is only for good or neutral news, however. Sometimes you need to alert people or create a record of bad news. But no one should use e-mail to blame other people. If you‘ve got a problem with someone, pick up the phone or take it outside (for a coffee, not a fist fight…geez). As for how to respond, e-mail is usually ineffective for resolving conflict. Have a conversation with the sender and explain why his or her approach isn‘t the best and what you recommend.
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上海市各区2018届高三英语二模试卷分类汇编：阅读理解
Letter 2 January 14, 2018 | 9:24 pm
It’s the start of a new year and I believe it’s time for a change. What’s the best way to explain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seeming flighty and without complaining about your current employer?
The new year is as good a time as any to take stock, but not the only reason for making a change. At least, that‘s not what you communicate to a prospective employer. Your reason for looking for a new job is less important to your new employer than why you want to work there. Needing a change might be the catalyst(催化剂), but the job search is like dating, and you wouldn‘t ask someone out and explain you‘re just bored in your current relationship, right? At least I hope not, otherwise you‘re likely to be as lonely as Barry Manilow sounds when he sings ―It‘s Just Another New Year‘s Eve‖.
60. What is discussed in the first letter?
A. How to ask questions in a polite way. C. How to make a correction at work.
B. How to respond to a false charge. D. How to handle rude mass emails at work.
61. According to Greg, expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as __________.
A. talking about your family issues in public B. complaining about your prior partner on a first date C. demonstrating your qualifications to your new boss D. bragging about your experience to your partner
62. It can be inferred that ―go to greg‖ mainly offers advice on people‘s __________.
A. career choices
B. social relationships D. health problems (C)
Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after
C. working problems
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上海市各区2018届高三英语二模试卷分类汇编：阅读理解
initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.
The problem is not just what happens after publication — scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.
It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.
Reproducing other scientists‘ analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of ―me-too‖ derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).
There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.
But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (―positive‖) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on
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