发布时间 : 星期五 文章English Loan-words in Chinese更新完毕开始阅读
borrowed words.
2.3 The respective features of the English and Chinese languages
English is a kind of sound words, the text that the current world languages use is mostly logo phonetic text. This text written symbols due to less (only 26 letters), therefore has the characteristics of flexibility and plasticity, easy to mutual borrowing. After entering English words, it may, according to needs and affix ads in loanwords. Use native morphology processing of loanwords. This method to form neologisms, English vocabulary treasure increased tens of thousands of words. Chinese and English belong to two \of a kind of pictophonetic characters .Because of the symbols of the record ideograms words and language, so large number of symbols, morphemes and multifarious, its flexibility and plasticity than logo phonetic text. As the world is only a Chinese ideogram, therefore, Chinese cannot \same loan. In a small number of modern Chinese words, almost all came from different \phonetic writing, but with a letter for the main logo phonetic figure is ideograms text and fusion. English words for the absorption function are assimilated and number of words. Disparity English words have strong absorption of assimilation function. The pod language introduction external word is very flexible. After many external word introductions, like from French gentle, very quick constitutes the new word with English native language affix union, soon presented gentleman, gentle-woman, gently and gentleness. English not only introduces the glossary, moreover also borrows other families language the affix, like in French very active affix able, age, and so on gather with certain English clause constitute the new word. The renaissance, Latin and Greek affix nimbly is also used by many British writers, like suffix ism, prefix an one, co one, de one, ex one, pre one, inter one, pro one and so on. Until today, the English words or affix common pronoun form. With the development of history, particularly with the development of the international trade settlement, English loanwords range throughout the world.
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3 The Development of English loanwords in Chinese
The three main reasons presented in the previous chapter explain the background of English loan-words’ coming and development in China. This chapter explores the development of English loanwords in Chinese. Since the 30 years after China’s reforming and opening up, Chinese load words continue to develop at a fast speed. The number of new load words spring up like mushrooms, such as cloning, the Internet, IELTS, blog, WTO and so on. They appear for many reasons. Some come from the culture of English-speaking countries, some come from new technology invention, and others just come from the English words themselves.
The development of English loanword in Chinese can be analyzed from three different time periods—the 1980s, the 1990s and the 21st century. These three major periods reflect China’s huge change, not only in the economic field, but also in people’s daily lives. They have their special features and each play a one and only role in the evolution of English loanwords in Chinese.
3.1 Coming in the 1980s
In the 1980s, vast changes take place in China quietly. President Deng Xiaoping's reform policy opened China to the world again. Numerous ambitious young people rushed to China’s southeast coast for gold. CPC Central Committee also made an important decision, which declared that 14 coastal cities were designed as coastal cities of open economy and Hainan Island a special economic zone.special economic zone; SEZ special economic zone; SEZ special economic zone; SEZ special economic zone; SEZ special economic zone; SEZ From then on, with the coming of English speakers and the introduction to new science and technology, English loan words stream in as well. After 30 years of opening and reform, a lot of English words from different aspects coming into our language have been absorbed into our daily speech.
In the beginning of the 1980s ,‖karaoke‖ became fashion in China, then its form changed into ―KTV‖ form , which is still a popular form of public entertainment in today. Now if we want to describe
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somebody’s liking for singing songs , we may say he likes ―K歌‖. Another example is ―Disco‖, a kind of dance form which has been seen as fashion in the mid-80s. It became a important part of people’s lives in that times , then a lot of relevant loanwords derived from it , such as ―迪厅‖，―迪吧‖，―蹦迪‖and so on.‖霹雳舞‖（ break dance） is also a kind of loanword, but it is very short-lived. This kind of loanwords mainly comes from our lives. In 1980s, the impact of the AIDS began to spread in the world .At first we have a transliteration of its name as \爱滋病\order to avoid misunderstandings, \艾滋病\Hong Kong and Taiwan still use the term \爱滋病\AIDS form letter words are also used in our daily life. After AIDS, we also have some other words associated with ADIS, such as HIV, AIDS orphans. \during this period .We call it as―比基尼‖. All of these phenomena showed the conservative social attitudes to the change by the 30years’ opening and reform. PC’s emergence began to change people's lives. TOEFL, GRE test reflects the study of China's new education system, meanwhile they created new word in Chinese (托福 and GRE).
English loanwords in the 1980s mainly come from the fresh and new things in western culture, western lives and western products. They appeared at such an amazing speed that a huge number of English loanwords became part of our daily speech at those times.
3.2 Rising in the 1990s
In the 1990s, China took a more confident and open attitude to meet the world's attention. Meanwhile, the rise of the Internet in the world not only greatly advanced the progress of science and technology, but also changed people's way of life. China’s technologic development in internet field begun to renew itself thoroughly, so that it can keep the pace of the whole world. Then a large number of computer terms and internet terms came into people’s day-to-day lives. This period as a time could not find a suitable translation, Chinese first introduced the internet and the Internet directly as the two-letter form of foreign words, followed by ―互联网‖, ―国际互联网‖, ―英特网‖ and other translations, the National Science and Technology Committee for Terms in 1997 formally recommended the name \因特网\has experienced several years of chaos, \因特网\This translation has finally been accepted by the public. With the Internet came ， a large number of
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foreign words transliterated into Chinese, such as ―伊妹儿‖, BBS, FTP, P2P, ―黑客‖, ―特洛伊木马‖, MSN. With the development of Internet culture , blog’s rise has made a more deep development of internet culture, and then rise to many related words, such as ―博文‖and ―博主‖. These loanwords are mainly terms or related to such terms. There is no doubt that at this period the development of English loanwords in Chinese owe a great deal the Internet.
3.3 Booming in the 21st century
At the beginning of the 21st century, China became a new member of the WTO. It means that after 15 years of arduous efforts, China has finally become a new member of WTO. It also indicates that China's opening up has entered a new stage. So many foreign words in economic activity come to be active, such as the WTO, CEPA, and GDP. In recent years, CPI, PPI have begun to frequently appear in the media, and of course they have become quite familiar to people. During this time ―数码相机‖ (digital camera),―数码摄像机\camera) also become a part of the lives of ordinary people. GPS technology become more mature and more widely used in car navigation, outdoor sports, so do other aspects of mobile location applications. \, is widely available in this period, such as ―交通卡‖,―身份证‖ and so on. High technology not only changed people’s lives, but also created new members into Chinese language. Meanwhile western culture such as Hollywood movies and hip-pop music, in this period, China has more chance to accept different kinds of culture from different countries. People can see different kinds of films in the cinema or in some international film festival. Sometimes one film will lead new trend and product new loanword. Last years, the most popular film ―Avatar‖, written and directed by James Cameron, leads the new reform of film technology. It is a 3-D IMAX science fiction. This film made the 3-d technology and IMAX both very popular in China. Then the two load words ―3D‖ and ―IMAX‖ used very frequently in daily life of common people. In the field of music , ―嘻哈‖(hip pop) became very popular in China in 21st century. It is a cultural movement that began among urban African American and Latino youth in New York City and has since spread around the world. As hip pop came into China, people were absorbed by its free style and special way of sing or talk. Then ―嘻哈‖ became a load word in our own language. What’ more, in today’s world, Internet culture infiltrated into every aspect of people’s lives. It has become more and more developed. We have ―Facebook‖ and ―Twitter‖ ,then we used‖脸
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