发布时间 : 星期一 文章基于单片机的火灾报警系统设计 - 图文更新完毕开始阅读
西安工程大学本科毕业设计（论文）
摘 要
随着经济与技术的迅速发展，火灾成为当今世界各国人民所面临的一个共同的灾难性问题。它给人类社会造成严重的生命、财产损失，为了避免火灾和减少火灾所造成的损失，预防和监测成为重中之重。良好的监控系统和及时的报警机制可以大大降低人员的伤亡，为社会减少不必要的损失。监控系统中各种传感器的使用越来越多。因此，了解并掌握各类传感器的基本结构、工作原理及特性是非常重要的。
为了提高对传感器的认识和了解，尤其是对火灾监测相关传感器的深入研究以及其用法与用途的了解，基于实用、广泛和典型的原则而设计了本系统。本文利用单片机结合传感器技术以及无线传输技术而开发设计了这一火灾监控系统。 本文是以单片机技术和无线传输技术为核心并与其他电子技术相结合， 设计而出的一种技术水平较好的火灾报警系统。以烟雾传感器、火焰传感器、温度传感器监测环境状态，将监测信息发送至单片机，单片机对数据处理之后在LCD1602液晶上显示，并通过无线传输模块传送监测数据，在接受测将数据与预设值对比，超出范围则进行声光报警。
以STC89C52单片机和NRF24L01无线传输模块为核心设计的火灾报警器可实现声光报警、温度显示等功能。是一种结构简单、性能稳定、使用方便、价格低廉、智能化的火灾报警器。具有一定的实用价值。
关键词：火灾报警器，火焰传感器，烟雾传感器，NRF24L01，DS18B20
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西安工程大学本科毕业设计（论文）
Abstract
With the rapid development of economy and technology, the fire is facing today people all over the world a common disaster problem. It caused serious life, property loss to human society, in order to avoid the fire and reduce fire losses caused, the prevention and monitoring become the priority among priorities. Monitoring system and alarm mechanism timely can greatly reduce the casualties, reduce unnecessary loss to the society. To
use
more
and
more
various
sensors in
the
monitoring
system. Therefore, understanding and it is very important to master all kinds of sensor's structure, working principle and characteristics.
In order to improve the awareness and understanding of the sensor, especially the thorough research to the fire monitoring sensor and an understanding of its usage and the use, utility, extensive and typical principles on the design of the system. This combination of sensor technology and wireless transmission technology development and design of the fire control system with single chip microcomputer.
This paper is based on SCM technology and wireless transmission technology as the core and with other electronic technologies, fire a technology level of design and a good alarm system. The flame sensor, smoke sensor, temperature sensor to monitor the state of the environment, will be sent to the single chip microcomputer monitoring information, the data processing after 1602 on the LCD display, and through the wireless transmission module transmits the monitoring data, in accepting the test data and the preset value contrast, beyond the scope of the sound and light alarm.
Based on STC89C52 microcontroller and NRF24L01 wireless transmission module as the core design can realize the smoke alarm sound and light alarm, temperature
display
function. The
fire alarm is a
simple
structure, stable
performance, convenient operation, low price, intelligent. It has certain practical value.
Keywords: fire alarm, a flame sensor, smoke sensor, NRF24L01, DS18B20
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西安工程大学本科毕业设计（论文）
目 录
第1章 绪 论 .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 目的和意义 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究概况及发展现状 ....................................................................................... 1 1.3 本系统主要研究内容 ....................................................................................... 2 第2章 总体方案论证与设计 ........................................................................................ 3
2.1主控模块的选型和论证.................................................................................... 3 2.2显示模块的选型和论证.................................................................................... 3 2.3温度检测模块的选型和论证............................................................................ 4 2.4 无线传输模块的选型和论 ............................................................................... 4 2.5系统整体设计概述............................................................................................ 4 第3章 系统硬件电路设计 ............................................................................................ 6
3.1主控模块............................................................................................................ 6
3.1.1 STC89C52单片机主要特性.................................................................. 6 3.1.2 STC89C52单片机的中断系统............................................................ 10 3.1.3 单片机最小系统设计 .......................................................................... 10 3.2 LCD液晶显示器简介..................................................................................... 11
3.2.1 液晶原理介绍 ...................................................................................... 11 3.2.2液晶模块简介....................................................................................... 12 3.2.3液晶显示部分与STC89C52的接口 ................................................... 13 3.3无线传输模块简介.......................................................................................... 14
3.3.1模块性能及特点................................................................................... 14 3.3.2 NRF24L01应用领域 ........................................................................... 15 3.3.3 NRF24L01技术参数 ........................................................................... 16 3.3.4 NRF24L01工作方式及工作原理 ....................................................... 16 3.4声光报警模块设计.......................................................................................... 17
3.4.1蜂鸣器报警........................................................................................... 17 3.4.2灯光报警............................................................................................... 17
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西安工程大学本科毕业设计（论文）
3.5温度检测模块设计.......................................................................................... 18
3.5.1温度传感器工作原理........................................................................... 18 3.5.2 DS18B20使用中的注意事项 .............................................................. 20 3.5.3 DS18B20硬件电路设计 ...................................................................... 21 3.6烟雾传感器模块介绍...................................................................................... 21
3.6.1烟雾检测报警器设计思路................................................................... 21 3.6.2 MQ-2型烟雾传感器的工作原理 ........................................................ 22 3.7 火焰传感器模块介绍 ..................................................................................... 22
3.7.1火焰传感器用途................................................................................... 23 3.7.2火焰传感器模块特............................................................................... 23 3.7.3火焰传感器模块使用........................................................................... 23 3.6.3 MQ-2型传感器的特性 ........................................................................ 24 3.8电源稳压模块设计.......................................................................................... 25
3.8.1 5V电源稳压 ......................................................................................... 25 3.8.2 3.3V电源稳压 ...................................................................................... 26
第4章 系统软件设计 .................................................................................................. 27
4.1系统软件设计.................................................................................................. 27
4.1.1主程序设计........................................................................................... 27 4.1.2传感器程序设计................................................................................... 28 4.1.3无线传输程序设计............................................................................... 28 4.2程序设计原理.................................................................................................. 29 第5章 系统调试 .......................................................................................................... 31
5.1硬件调试.......................................................................................................... 31 5.2软件调试.......................................................................................................... 31 5.3调试结果.......................................................................................................... 31 第6章 结论与展望 ...................................................................................................... 34 参考文献 ....................................................................................................................... 35 附 录 ............................................................................................................................ 36
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