发布时间 : 星期四 文章第一节 句子成分的译法更新完毕开始阅读
compact design and an exclusive shaft seal design.
?其优点包括运行温度低、耗能小、设计紧凑以及独特的轴密封。
?Voltage regulating devices maintain the voltage at receiving end within permissible limits. ?电压调整装置保持接收端的电压在允许值内。
?In machining, grinding processes are most often used as finish machining processes. ?磨削是机加工中最常用的精加工方法。
?Translate by yourself:?1．This means the permittivity of oil is greater than that of air. ?2．A computer takes in a series of electrical impulses representing information.
?3．And the direction in which the sound is traveling tells the bat where the meal is located.
?（二）转译为主语?科技英语在汉译时，为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯，谓语除了依然译成谓语外,还可以把谓语动词译为汉语句子的主语，而原英语句子中的主语被转译成了汉语句子的定语，并常常译为―是……的‖句型，这一点已在主语的译法部分有所阐述，如： ?Compression formats are devised to greatly reduce file size, yet retain acceptable quality.
?压缩格式的设计是为了大幅度减少文件所占的空间，同时又维持可接受的质量。
?Using a person’s voice as an identifier is based on the fact that the geometry of the vocal tract differ greatly from person to person.
?利用人的语音来验明身份的依据是每个人声道的几何形状大不相同。 ?The application of surfactants aims to simplify work processes. ?使用表面活性剂的目的就是简化工作过程。
?Translate by yourself:?1．The steel should not contain more than 0.3% of carbon.
?2．This system will build on the knowledge and experience gained in developing the existing suite of software products.
?3．Venus rotates very slowly with the result that its cycle of rotation reaches as long as 243 days of the Earth.
???（三）转译为宾语?The power supply for the fire alarm system should be backed up by the emergency generator.
?系统的供电应有应急发电机作备用电源。
?The tensile strengths vary tremendously with wire size. ?拉抗强度随簧丝尺寸的不同而发生显著的变化。
?Genes can now be patented.?基因现在可以获得专利权。
?Translate by yourself:?1．Much of people’s physiology is timed by an internal pacemaker.
?2．The dial is scaled into one hundred graduations. ?3．Cultivation can be mechanized to the last degree.
?（四）转译为定语?More metal is removed when the feed is increased. ?进给量增加时，切除的金属更多。
?The pressure was determined to be 0.1 torr. ?所测得的压力为0.1托。 ?（五）转译为状语?The molecules continue to stay close together, but do not continue to retain a regular fixed arrangement.
?分子仍紧密得聚集在一起，但不再继续保持有规则的固定排列形式。
?The speech synthesis process typically begins with recording a human voice and analyzing it to extract important frequency and amplitude data.
?言语合成过程一般是先记录人的说话声并通过分析获得重要的频率和振幅数据。
?Translate by yourself:?1．These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior.
?2．The power station managed to maintain its supply of electricity day and night.? ?（六）省译?Electrical discharge machining has proved especially valuable in the machining super-touch, electrically conductive materials. ?电火花加工法对加工超韧性的导电材料特别有价值。（省译了has proved）
?Fluid sand process has found application in the production of large steel casting. ?流态砂法已经用来生产大型钢铁铸件。（省译了has found）
?The low-frequency motions are considered to be meteorologically significant. ?低频运动在气象学上是很重要的。（省译了are considered） ?Translate by yourself:?1．Measurement of the lateral strain can be accomplished using a lateral extensometer.
?2．Any body which is capable of doing work is considered to posses energy. ?3．The assumption is made that the cylinder is a perfect nonconductor of heat.?
??三、表语的译法?英语中名词、代词、数词、副词、动名词和不定式等都可以作表语。由于英汉两种语言表达方式的不同，在不同的词或短语作表语各异的情况下，也使得表语的汉译产生了如下不同的译法。 （?一）直译?所谓直译就是按照原句子系表结构的词语顺序进行翻译，大都译为―……是……‖。如：
?―Fasteners‖ is a general term including such widely separated and varied materials as nails, screws, nuts and bolts, locknuts and washers, retaining rings , rivets, and adhesives etc.
?―联接件‖是一个通用术语，它包括这样一些有很大区别的、多种多样的部件，如钉子、螺钉、螺帽和螺栓、缩紧螺栓和垫圈、挡圈、铆钉和粘合剂等。 ?The odometer is mechanical, driven by a stepper motor. ?里程表是机动的，由步进电机带动。
?The function of a capacitor is storing electricity.?电容器的功能是储存电。
?It is frequently advantageous to stake the surveying lines perpendicular to the known or presumed geological strike.
?（在做物探测量时）将测线垂直于已知的或者假定的地质走向标出，通常是比较有利的。 ?Translate by yourself:?1．Helium is a very light gas, only twice as heavy as hydrogen. ?2．Putting a restriction on the depth to which a diver can descend might be helpful.?3．It is necessary to distinguish between the temperature of a body and its heat.
?4．The toughest nut to crack was finding the right kind of insulating material.
?（二）转译为主语?根据前面所讲，英语句子的主语有时可以转译为汉语的定语。在这种情况下，原句子的表语往往可以转译为汉语的主语，如果作表语的是形容词，该形容词同时转译成名词。如：
?Ｔhe rotor is a well-designed structure consisting of a laminated core containing a winding.
?转子的结构设计得很好，它由一个叠片铁芯组成，铁芯上面绕着线圈。 ?Zirconium is almost as strong as steel. ?锆的强度几乎与刚一样。
?Those nearer the sun are more rocky, those farther away more icy.?离太阳越近的，岩石
块越多；离太阳越远者，则冰块越多。
?Translate by yourself:?1．Ice floats because it is not as dense as water. ?2．Rubber is a better dielectric but a poorer insulator than air.
?（三）主表倒译?顾名思义，所谓的主表倒译，就是把主语译成表语，把表语译成主语。常见的主表倒译有两种情况。 ?1．当名词作表语时，往往主语和表语表达的内容是一致的。这时为了符合汉语的修辞习惯，英语句子的表语常常被转译为汉语的主语，同时，英语句子的主语被转译成汉语的表语。如： ?Methane is the chief constituent in natural gas, and it is formed as a by-product in the petroleum industry.?天然气的主要组成部分是甲烷, 它也是石油工业的一种副产品。 ?Aerodynamics is my field of research. ?我的研究领域是空气动力学。
?An example of a speech verification system is the Voicekey from Ecco Industries Inc. (Danvers, Mass.).
?Ecco工业公司（位于马萨诸塞州丹弗斯）研制的“语音钥匙”是言语核实系统的一个例子。 ??（二）转译为主语?根据前面所讲，英语句子的主语有时可以转译为汉语的定语。在这种情况下，原句子的表语往往可以转译为汉语的主语，如果作表语的是形容词，该形容词同时转译成名词。如：
?Ｔhe rotor is a well-designed structure consisting of a laminated core containing a winding.
?转子的结构设计得很好，它由一个叠片铁芯组成，铁芯上面绕着线圈。 ?Zirconium is almost as strong as steel. ?锆的强度几乎与刚一样。
?Those nearer the sun are more rocky, those farther away more icy.?离太阳越近的，岩石块越多；离太阳越远者，则冰块越多。
?Translate by yourself:?1．Ice floats because it is not as dense as water. ?2．Rubber is a better dielectric but a poorer insulator than air.
?（三）主表倒译?顾名思义，所谓的主表倒译，就是把主语译成表语，把表语译成主语。常见的主表倒译有两种情况。 ?1．当名词作表语时，往往主语和表语表达的内容是一致的。这时为了符合汉语的修辞习惯，英语句子的表语常常被转译为汉语的主语，同时，英语句子的主语被转译成汉语的表语。如： ?Methane is the chief constituent in natural gas, and it is formed as a by-product in the petroleum industry.?天然气的主要组成部分是甲烷, 它也是石油工业的一种副产品。 ?Aerodynamics is my field of research. ?我的研究领域是空气动力学。
?An example of a speech verification system is the Voicekey from Ecco Industries Inc. (Danvers, Mass.).
?Ecco工业公司（位于马萨诸塞州丹弗斯）研制的“语音钥匙”是言语核实系统的一个例子。 ??2．这种类型的主表倒译，通常是用来翻译― It + be + 表语 + 主语从句或不定时短语‖句型的。也就是将作真正主语的从句或动词不定式译成表语，原表语译成主语。如：
?It is note worthy that small as atoms are, they contain vast amounts of energy.?值得注意的是原子虽小，却具有很大的能量。（主语从句转译为表语）
?It is desirable to use large units for measurement of large quantities and small units for small quantities.?最好是用大的单位来测量大的量值，用小的单位来测量小的量值。（不定时短语作主语转译为表语）
?（四）转译为谓语?在系表结构的句子中，如果表语是含有动作意义的形容词、副词或介词短语，汉译时系词可以不译，把原句的表语直接译为汉语的谓语。如： ?When the switch is on, the circuit is closed and electricity goes through. ?将开关合上，电路就闭合，而电就接通了。（介词作表语转译为谓语）
?In a feedback oscillator the negative resistance will be evident only as an alternating current parameter of the circuit.
?在反馈振荡器中，负阻仅仅表现为电路的交流参数。（形容词作表语转译为谓语）
?Translate by yourself:?1．These new machines are now in wide use.（介词短语作表语转译为谓语）
?2．The sum of the power dissipation is equal to the power delivered by the current source.
?（五）转译为宾语?在谈及某物质的特性时，英语常用系表结构的句型来表达，其中表语通常为形容词或 of +名词结构。这时，系词be可译为―具有‖、―属于‖等动词，作表语的形容词或作表语的of+名词结构则转译为名词，在译文中作句子的宾语。如： ?Cutting tools must be strong, hard, tough, and wear resistant. ?刀具必须有足够的强度、硬度、韧性和耐磨性。
?The early steam engines were of the piston-type.?早期的蒸汽机属于活塞型。
?Translate by yourself:?1．As most metals are malleable and ductile, they can be beaten into plates and drawn into wire.
?2．The angular-contact bearing is of greater thrust capacity.
?（六）转译为定语?如果是形容词做表语，且句子主语有定语的修饰，汉译时为使译文自然、通顺，常常可以把表语转译为定语。如：
?In this air mechanics laboratory, few instruments are valuable.?在这个空气动力学实验室里，贵重的仪器不多。
?In this book, many theories are very important. ?在这本书中，重要的理论很多。 ?四、宾语的译法
?（一）直译?即原句子的宾语仍然译为汉语句子的宾语。如：
?Hand forging tools comprise variously shaped hammers.?手锻工具包括各种形状的锻锤。?Chemicals found in the brain are called neurotransmitters.
?在大脑中发现的化学物质称为神经传递质。?Heat used to melt a solid is called melting heat.?用于熔化固体的热叫做熔化热。 ?Translate by yourself:?1．An object at rest has no kinetic energy, its velocity being zero. ?2．All moving bodies have energy.?3．He has proved time and again that the radiation is different from all other known radiations.
?（二）译成汉语的主语?英语中的宾语汉译时译为主语有两种情况：
?1．have 作谓语的句子常常把have 的宾语译成主语，把原句的主语转译为定语，整个句子通常被译成了系表结构，而have 本身则被省译了。如： ?Different metals have different coefficients of expansion. ?各种金属的膨胀系数都不同。
?Instructions and microinstructions do not have the same format.?指令和微指令的格式不同。
?A radio antenna should have a physical size of one-half wave length or more. ?无线电天线的实际尺寸应为半个波长或更大一些。